Acne results when the sebaceous (oil) glands secrete too much sebum into the hair follicle, which is lined with dead cells. The combination of excess sebum and dead cells clog up the pores, which are the pipelines for the natural flow of oil to the skin's surface. As a result bacteria build up, the area becomes inflamed, and spots or pimples may appear. Acne most commonly occurs where the sebaceous glands are most active - on the face, neck, chest and back. A variety of blemishes result:
* Whiteheads form when oil and dead cells accumulate and block the pores from opening onto the surface of the skin.
* Blackheads are similar to whiteheads, except the blocked material protrudes above the skin, dilating the pore. The black colour is due to the oxidization process that occurs within the follicle. If left alone, blackheads will simply stay in the skin. Remove them by gently steaming the area and then 'easing' the plug out.
* Papules are inflammations under the skin. When the sebum guild-up becomes too much, the follicle expands and eventually bursts, releasing the sebum and dead cells build-up onto the surface of the skin. White blood cells then attack this material, forming pus, and a pustule results.
* Cysts occur when inflammation spreads deep into the skin. To contain it, the cells automatically form a fibrous capsule around it. Cysts can continue to grow slowly under the skin and usually need to be surgically removed.
* Scars result when damaged skin tries to heal itself. Naturally, scars can be severely aggravated by picking or squeezing. Don't be tempted to remove skin impurities such as blackheads by harsh squeezing or without preparing your skin first.
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